James Marcellus Arthur “Sunny” Murray (September 21, 1936 – December 7, 2017) was one of the pioneers of the free jazz style of drumming.

Murray was born in Idabel, Oklahoma, where he was raised by an uncle who later died after being refused treatment at a hospital because of his race. He began playing drums at the age of nine. As a teen, he lived in a rough part of Philadelphia, and spent two years in a reformatory. In 1956, he moved to New York City, where he worked in a car wash and as a building superintendent. During this time, he played with musicians such as trumpeters Red Allen and Ted Curson, pianist Willie “The Lion” Smith, and saxophonists Rocky Boyd and Jackie McLean.

In 1959, he played for the first time with pianist Cecil Taylor and, according to Murray, “[f]or six years all the other things were wiped from my mind…” “With Cecil, I had to originate a complete new direction on drums.” Murray stated: “We played for about a year, just practicing, studying — we went to workshops with Varèse, did a lot of creative things, just experimenting, without a job.” In 1961, Murray made a recording with Taylor’s group that was released under the auspices of Gil Evansas one side of Into the Hot.