Zapateado as an instrumental flamenco music form is said to have the polyrhythm of 3/4, 2/4, 6/8… This reminds us of another polyrhythmic flamenco style: Tanguillos, ‘little tangos’ from Cadiz. One of the old Zapateado music pieces was actually called Zapateado de Cadiz, which was danced by historic Spanish dancers such as Josefa Varga in 1840’s. In that era, however, the dance style must have been rather close to ballet. How should Zapateado be danced now? Polyrhythm is a format of mixed rhythm, hence incites experiments with rhythms. Not having a singer, how can we make the instrumental music more interesting and decorative? By percussion. In this way, it was completely fine that Lucero Tena performed Zapateado with castanets. The important thing is, despite the name, the percussive sound is rather supplementary, not essential, for the music of Zapateado, because those music pieces are already beautiful without.