Johnnie Clyde Johnson (July 8, 1924 – April 13, 2005) was an American pianist who played jazz, blues and rock and roll. His work with Chuck Berry led to his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for breaking racial barriers in the military, as he was a Montford Point Marine – where the African-American unit endured racism and inspired social change while integrating the previously all-white Marine Corps during World War II. Johnson was born in Fairmont, West Virginia. He began playing the piano in 1928. He joined the United States Marine Corps during World War II and became a member of Bobby Troup‘s all-serviceman jazz orchestra, the Barracudas. After his service, he moved to Detroit, Illinois and then Chicago, where he sat in with many notable artists, including Muddy Waters and Little Walter.

He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1952 and immediately assembled a jazz and blues group, the Sir John Trio, with the drummer Ebby Hardy and the saxophonist Alvin Bennett. The three had a regular engagement at the Cosmopolitan Club, in East St. Louis. On New Year’s Eve 1952, Bennett had a stroke and could not perform. Johnson, searching for a last-minute replacement, called a young man named Chuck Berry, the only musician Johnson knew who, because of his inexperience, would likely not be playing on New Year’s Eve. Although then a limited guitarist, Berry added vocals and showmanship to the group. Bennett was not able to play after his stroke, so Johnson hired Berry as a permanent member of the trio.

Berry took one of their tunes, a reworking of Bob Wills‘s version of “Ida Red“, to Chess Records in 1955. The Chess brothers liked the song, and soon the trio were in Chicago recording “Maybellene” and “Wee Wee Hours” – a song Johnson had been playing as an instrumental for years, for which Berry quickly wrote some lyrics. “Maybellene” got Berry and Johnson onto the Billboard charts in 1955. Berry got signed as a solo act, and Johnson and Hardy became part of Berry’s band. Said Johnson, “I figured we could get better jobs with Chuck running the band. He had a car and rubber wheels beat rubber heels any day.”

Over the next 20 years, the two collaborated on many of Berry’s songs, including “School Days“, “Roll Over Beethoven“, “Carol“, and “Nadine“. The song “Johnny B. Goode” was reportedly a tribute to Johnson, with the title referring to Johnson’s behavior when he was drinking.